Verb To Be
A1El verbo "to be" (ser/estar) es el verbo más importante en inglés. Practica sus formas: am, is, are.
| Sujeto | Verbo | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am happy |
| He / She / It | is | She is a teacher |
| You / We / They | are | They are friends |
1. She ___ a teacher.
2. I ___ from Venezuela.
3. They ___ happy today.
4. "She is not tired" en forma corta es:
5. ___ you a student?
Present Simple
A1Se usa para rutinas y hábitos. Recuerda: en tercera persona (he/she/it) el verbo lleva -s o -es.
| Afirmativo | Negativo | Pregunta |
|---|---|---|
| I play | I don't play | Do I play? |
| She plays | She doesn't play | Does she play? |
1. She ___ to school every day.
2. I ___ coffee every morning.
3. He ___ not like vegetables.
4. ___ they speak English?
5. My cat ___ on the sofa all day.
Past Simple
A1Para acciones que ya terminaron. Verbos regulares: +ed. Verbos irregulares: cambian de forma (go → went).
| Regular | Irregular |
|---|---|
| work → worked | go → went |
| play → played | eat → ate |
| watch → watched | see → saw |
1. I ___ to the supermarket yesterday.
2. She ___ a delicious cake last weekend.
3. They ___ TV last night.
4. He ___ not come to the party.
5. ___ you eat breakfast this morning?
Past Participle at Work
A1El past participle se usa con have/has (present perfect) y en frases pasivas. Ejemplos en el trabajo: The report has been sent. She has finished the task.
| Verbo | Past Participle | Ejemplo laboral |
|---|---|---|
| send | sent | I have sent the email. |
| finish | finished | She has finished the report. |
| sign | signed | The contract has been signed. |
| hire | hired | He has been hired. |
| write | written | The report was written by Ana. |
1. I have just ___ the email to my boss. (enviado)
2. The project has been ___. (completado)
3. She ___ never missed a deadline at work.
4. Have you ___ the contract yet? (firmado)
5. The meeting report was ___ by the manager. (escrito)
Future Simple
A1Will para decisiones espontáneas y predicciones. Going to para planes ya decididos.
| Will | Going to |
|---|---|
| I will help you | I am going to study |
| It will rain tomorrow | She is going to travel |
| He won't come | They aren't going to play |
1. I ___ travel to Spain next year.
2. She ___ going to study English tonight.
3. They ___ not come to class tomorrow.
4. ___ you help me with this exercise?
5. We are ___ to have a party this Saturday.
Articles (a, an, the)
A1A/An = no específico. The = específico. An antes de sonido de vocal. Sin artículo para cosas en general.
| Artículo | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| a | Antes de consonante | a book, a car |
| an | Antes de vocal | an apple, an hour |
| the | Algo específico | the sun, the book on the table |
| -- | General / abstracto | I like music |
1. She is ___ doctor.
2. I want ___ apple.
3. ___ sun is very bright today.
4. He is ___ honest person.
5. I like ___ music.
Pronouns
A1Los pronombres personales reemplazan al sustantivo. Hay de sujeto y de objeto.
| Sujeto | Objeto | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| I | me | She called me |
| you | you | I see you |
| he | him | I gave him a book |
| she | her | Talk to her |
| we | us | Come with us |
| they | them | I know them |
1. Maria is my friend. ___ is very kind.
2. I gave the book to ___.
3. ___ are going to the park.
4. Can you help ___? (a nosotros)
5. I don't know ___. (a ellos)
Possessive Pronouns
A1Los posesivos indican a quién pertenece algo. Hay adjetivos posesivos (van antes del sustantivo) y pronombres posesivos (reemplazan al sustantivo).
| Sujeto | Adj. Posesivo | Pron. Posesivo |
|---|---|---|
| I | my | mine |
| you | your | yours |
| he | his | his |
| she | her | hers |
| it | its | -- |
| we | our | ours |
| they | their | theirs |
1. This is ___ book. (de ella)
2. That car is ___. (de nosotros)
3. Is this ___ phone? (de ti)
4. The dog lost ___ toy.
5. This pen is not mine, it's ___. (de él)
Prepositions of Place
A1Las preposiciones de lugar indican dónde está algo: in (dentro), on (sobre), under (debajo), next to (al lado), between (entre), behind (detrás), in front of (enfrente).
1. The cat is ___ the box. (dentro)
2. The book is ___ the table. (sobre)
3. The shoes are ___ the bed. (debajo)
4. The pharmacy is ___ the bank and the school.
5. The park is ___ the hospital. (enfrente)
Giving Directions
A1Aprende a pedir y dar direcciones en inglés. Vocabulario clave: turn left/right, go straight, go past, it's on the corner.
1. Excuse me, how do I ___ to the train station?
2. ___ straight ahead and then turn left.
3. The supermarket is ___ the corner of Main Street.
4. Go ___ the church and the bank is on your right.
5. The café is ___ the bookstore. (al otro lado de la calle)
At the Restaurant
A1Aprende las frases más útiles para ordenar comida, pedir la cuenta y comunicarte en un restaurante en inglés.
Diálogo típico:
Waiter: Are you ready to order?
You: Yes, I'd like the chicken salad, please.
Waiter: Anything to drink?
You: Can I have a glass of water, please?
Waiter: Sure. Anything else?
You: No, that's all. Thank you.
You: Could I have the bill, please?
1. "I'd like" es la forma corta de:
2. ___ I have a glass of water, please?
3. ¿Cómo pides la cuenta en inglés?
4. Waiter: "Are you ready to ___?"
5. "Anything else?" significa:
At the Airport
A1Vocabulario y frases esenciales para viajar. Aprende a hacer check-in, pasar por seguridad y encontrar tu puerta de embarque.
1. "Where is ___ gate B12?"
2. "I'd like a ___ seat, please." (ventana)
3. "Can I see your ___ and boarding pass?"
4. The flight is ___. It will leave 2 hours late. (retrasado)
5. "How many bags are you ___?" (facturando)